Liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry for identifying aqueous chlordecone hydrate dechlorinated transformation products formed by reaction with zero-valent iron
Abstract
Chlordecone (CLD) is a persistent toxic chlorinated pesticide which contaminates different ecosystems in French West Indies. A soil remediation process including zero-valent iron (ZVI) has produced promising results but failed to completely degrade CLD, and the analytical procedures used yielded little information on the transformation products. To fill these gaps, dechlorination of aqueous CLD by micrometric particles of ZVI has been investigated. Aliquots of water with 25% (v/v) of acetone spiked with 100 ppm CLD were taken at different times during a 30-day ZVI treatment and directly analysed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography in negative electrospray ionisation mode. CLD has been totally transformed after 14 days into 14 dechlorinated degradation products, including 9 isomeric compounds. The maximum chloride concentrations appearing in the medium represent 44% of that which would result from total dechlorination of CLD. The CLD transformation products identified by accurate mass measurements on an ultra-high-resolution Q-TOF mass spectrometer (Q-TOF-MS) were C10H3Cl9O2, C10H4Cl8O2, C10H5Cl7O2, C10H6Cl6O2 and C10H7Cl5O2. The results show the interest of LC-Q-TOF-MS for identifying transformation products of organic contaminants, and the effectiveness of micrometric ZVI particles to totally transform CLD into less chlorinated products.