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Rates and spatial variations of soil erosion in Europe: A study based on erosion plot data

Olivier Cerdan 1 G. Govers 2 Y. Le Bissonnais 3 K. van Oost 4 J. Poesen 2 Nicolas Saby 5 A. Gobin 2 A. Vacca 6 J. Quinton 7 K. Auerswald 8 A. Kliks 9 J. P. M. Kwaad D. Raclot 3 I. Ionita 10 J. Rejman 11 S. Rousseva 12 T. Muxart 13 M.J. Roxo 14 T. Dostal 15
1 BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM)
2 Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Department of Geography
3 UMR LISAH - Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème
4 Département de Géographie
5 ORLEANS INFOSOL - Unité INFOSOL
6 Dipartimento di scienze della Terra
7 Catchment and Aquatic Processes
8 Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre
9 Atmosphere and Environment Institute of Hydraulics and Rural WaterManagement
10 CRSSEC - Central Research Station for Soil Erosion Control
11 PAS - Institute of Agrophysics
12 Soil Erosion Department
13 LGP - Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels
14 Development Geography at the Geography and Regional Planning Department, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences
15 Dept. of Irrigation, Drainage and Landscape Engineering
Abstract : An extensive database of short to medium-term erosion rates as measured on erosion plots in Europe under natural rainfallwas compiled fromthe literature. Statistical analysis confirmed the dominant influence of land use and cover on soil erosion rates. Sheet and rill erosion rates are highest on bare soil; vineyards show the second highest soil losses, followed by other arable lands (spring crops, orchards and winter crops). A land with a permanent vegetation cover (shrubs, grassland and forest) is characterised by soil losses which are generally more than an order of magnitude lower than those on arable land. Disturbance of permanent vegetation by fire leads to momentarily higher erosion rates but rates are still lower than those measured on arable land.We also noticed important regional differences in erosion rates. Erosion rates are generally much lower in the Mediterranean as compared to other areas in Europe; this is mainly attributed to the high soil stoniness in the Mediterranean.Measured erosion rates on arable and bare landwere related to topography (slope steepness and length) and soil texture, while thiswas not the case for plots with a permanent land cover. We attribute this to a fundamental difference in runoff generation and sediment transfer according to land cover types. On the basis of these resultswe calculated mean sheet and rill erosion rates for the European area covered by the CORINE database: estimated rill and interrill erosion rates are ca. 1.2 t ha−1 year−1 for the whole CORINE area and ca. 3.6 t ha−1 year−1 for arable land. These estimates are much lower than some earlier estimates which were based on the erroneous extrapolation of small datasets. High erosion rates occur in areas dominated by vineyards, the hilly loess areas in West and Central Europe and the agricultural areas located in the piedmont areas of the major European mountain ranges.
Mots-clés : Erosion plots Europe Land use Slope gradient Soil texture Stoniness
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Article dans une revue
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https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00556524
Contributeur : Cécile Isambert <>
Soumis le : lundi 17 janvier 2011 - 10:32:52
Dernière modification le : mercredi 16 septembre 2020 - 17:50:56

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BRGM | INRA | UNIV-PARIS1 | CNRS | AGROPOLIS | UPEC-UPEM | CAMPUS-CONDORCET | UPEC | LGP | INRAE | MONTPELLIER-SUPAGRO

Citation

Olivier Cerdan, G. Govers, Y. Le Bissonnais, K. van Oost, J. Poesen, et al.. Rates and spatial variations of soil erosion in Europe: A study based on erosion plot data. Geomorphology, Elsevier, 2010, 122 (1-2), p. 167-177. ⟨10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.06.011⟩. ⟨hal-00556524⟩

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