Effects of Stochastic Wave Forcing on Equilibrium Shoreline Modelling Across the 21 st Century Including Sea-Level Rise
Résumé
Coastal communities are currently facing the challenge of climate change and coastal retreat. While scientists are moving towards ensemble-modelling approaches to address uncertainties on shoreline evolution predictions, they rarely account for the stochastic nature of wave conditions across a variety of temporal scales (e.g., daily, weekly, seasonal, and interannual). In this contribution, we investigate the effects of the inherent variability of wave conditions on past and future multi-decadal shoreline evolution at the, cross-shore transport dominated, beach of Truc Vert (France). Using a climate-based wave emulator and variance decomposition method, we address the relative impacts of uncertain wave chronology, sea-level rise and model free parameters on modelled shoreline change, while accounting for possible correlations and interactions among the input variables. This work is done for two different wave-driven equilibrium models. The results show that the equilibrium shoreline models respond differently to the ensemble wave forcing, with strong implications on the long-term variability of modelled shoreline. We find that the modelled shoreline variance is primarily driven by the uncertain wave chronology until mid-21 st century, while the uncertainties on future sea-level rise become dominant after 2060 in all the simulated scenarios. We also found that interactions and correlations among the uncertain variables can affect the estimation of shoreline predictions uncertainties. Finally, we provide a perspective on the application of non-stationary wave-related model parameters as future research avenue for understanding uncertainties in modelled shoreline.
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